Comprehensive Check - Think Smart 01

1. In Red Lights to Green Lights, a red lights approach:

a. Refers to “command and control” regulatory strategies under which the government told businesses (and to some extent individuals) what they should not do

b. leads to high costs, avoidable inefficiencies, constant litigation over standards, and disincentives for innovation

c. helped curb pollution, reduce waste, and limit chemical exposures, but did not spur transformative change in response to critical challenges such as the need for breakthroughs in clean energy

d. does not engage the business community and the financial markets as potential problem solvers and does not harness their capacity for out-of-the-box thinking and the delivery of solutions

e. all of the above

2. In contrast to a red lights approach, a green lights approach:

a. creates incentives for problem solving and rewards innovation

b. refers exclusively to innovation in technology development to solve environmental issues

c. promotes innovation in policy approaches, public engagement, conservation, and finance for environmental infrastructure

d. both a and b

e. both a and c

3. The author’s expanded framework of green lights does NOT include:

a. a commitment to adopt the polluter pays principle and to insist on an “end to externalities”—meaning that those who inflict environmental harms on society must pay for them

b. a goal of investing in “clean power” that is cleaner and more reliable at all costs

c. new incentives that encourage investment in environmental infrastructure

d. incentives that steer the flow of private capital toward businesses and projects that contribute to a sustainable future—and away from enterprises with business models that cause environmental degradation

e. prioritizing projects that offer public benefits alongside the private gains of the project developers, such that those causing harms to society should pay for their negative externalities while those delivering positive externalities—benefits to society—should be compensated

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speaker.